Based on 3G cellular networks where the home location registers

gateway location registers and visitor loca- tion registers formed a three-tier hierarchical mobility database structure

an enhanced movement-based location management scheme was presented. Furthermore

the cost model of location update and paging for the proposed scheme was formulated analytically and the proposed scheme was compared with the basic movement-based location management scheme and static location management scheme in 3G. The outcomes show that the enhanced movement-based location management scheme outperforms the other two schemes.