An integrated algorithm based on DV-hop was designed and applied to mobile nodes. A location correction vector(LCV)was constructed by the differences between estimated distances and range measurements; an improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) was used to find correction steps of nodes; location correction equaled the value of LCV multiplying step. The algorithm and its complexity and validity had been approved through simulation
the results show that the localization error of DV-hop has been reduced by 75% using the algorithm
and it is also applicable to low-density networks.